ABSTRACT
Resumen Los estudios de muchos grupos faunísticos de invertebrados marinos han sido escasos en la zona de la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur (RAAS), de Nicaragua. A lo anterior se añade la falta de información general con respecto a la biodiversidad faunística de Corn Island. La fauna de equinodermos estudiada en este trabajo proviene de una gran variedad de ambientes, desde la zona rocosa litoral, arenales, pastos marinos hasta zonas de arrecife coralino. Los equinodermos recolectados, se obtuvieron a partir de 14 puntos de muestreos elegidos a partir del conocimiento de los pescadores locales; en diversos tipos de sustratos marinos, auxiliados por equipo de buceo SCUBA durante el periodo comprendido entre agosto 2012 y marzo 2013. Se registró un total de 41 especies correspondientes a cuatro clases: tres especies de asteroideos, 16 especies de ofiuroideos, 11 especies de equinoideos y 11 especies de holoturoideos. La especie más común fue Ophiolepis impressa estuvo presente en diez de las 14 localidades, seguida de Diadema antillarum, Eucidaris tribuloides y Ophioderma cinerea que estuvieron presentes en siete localidades cada una. Las especies menos comunes fueron Clypeaster rosaceus, Leodia sexiesperforata, Meoma ventricosa y Ophioderma guttata. El estudio de las comunidades de estos invertebrados en diversos hábitats marinos, facilita la comparación del estado de fluctuación de dichas comunidades a lo largo del tiempo, ya fuesen cambios naturales o causados por las actividades humanas.
Abstract There are few works on ecology and diversity of echinoderms in Nicaragua. Studies of many faunal groups of marine invertebrates, in particular which should focus on the fauna of tropical areas, have been scarce or have received only limited attention from the scientific community and government authorities of the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) of Nicaragua. Scientific research on these groups has targeted mainly resources of commercial importance (e.g. spiny lobster, Panulirus argus). There is lack of information regarding the faunal biodiversity of Corn Island in general. The echinoderm fauna studied in this work comes from a wide variety of environments, from the rocky coastal area, sandy beaches, sea grass to areas of coral reef. Echinoderms were collected, from 14 points in a variety of marine substrates, aided by SCUBA diving equipment during the period from August 2012 to March 2013. There was a total of 41 species corresponding to four classes: three species of Asteroids, 16 species of ophiuroids, 11 species of Echinoids and 11 species of holoturoids. The most common species was Ophiolepis impressa present in ten of the 14 localities, followed of Diadema antillarum, Eucidaris tribuloides and Ophioderma cinerea who were present at seven locations each, respectively. The less common species were Clypeaster rosaceus, Leodia sexiesperforata, Meoma ventricosa and Ophioderma guttata. The study of echinoderms in diverse marine habitats facilitates the comparison of the state of fluctuation of those communities along time. Whether they were natural or caused by human activities. Therefore, the present study expands knowledge about the species of echinoderms that live in shallow areas of Corn Island (between 0-10 m depth), so able to establish measures for the conservation of these species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 27-35. Epub 2015 June 01.